The Gibeon Meteorite

Here is a map showing where the Gibeon strewn field is located:

The Gibeon Meteorite was first reported by Capt. J.E. Alexander in 1838. He heard of masses of native iron up to two feet square on the east side of the Great Fish River. While he did not see the masses himself, he was able to obtain samples for analysis. Undoubtedly, the natives in the area were previously aware of these occurrences, since they were found on the surface.
In the years following, Europeans established large cattle ranches in the area and recovered many more large meteorites. A 232 kg mass was recovered in 1857. Many masses between 100 and 500 kg were recovered in the years shortly after 1900. As late as the publication of the Handbook of Iron Meteorites in 1975, scientists were reporting the that Gibeon consisted primarily of large masses and lacked the smaller pieces like those found at Canyon Diablo, Odessa, and Sikhote-Alin. Buchwald speculated that greater knowledge might reveal smaller specimens or that smaller fragments may have been collected by natives and made into tools. It seems that lack of knowedge may have been the answer. In the past year or two increasing numbers of small Gibeon Meteorites have been exported. It may be that with modern metal detection equipment meteorite hunters will locate a substantial number of smaller specimens.
The chemical composition of the Gibeon is:
The minerals in the Gibeon are:
Click on the mineral to find out more about its composition and how to identify it in a specimen. Minerals that are probably not found in the Gibeon are:
The Gibeon was apparently a large meteorite that burst
high in the atmosphere, as did the observed fall at Sikhote-Alin. The fragments
collected show some of the same characteristics as the Sikhote-Alin specimens.
Some pieces show shrapnel-like features and "cold working" (bending and
hammering-like deformation). Other specimens show regmaglypts that look very
similar to Sikhote specimens. Here is a black and white photograph of a Gibeon that
displays well-developed
regmaglypts: The Gibeon fragments are spread over a strewn field 70
miles (120 km) wide by 230 miles (390k km) long--one of the largest strewn
fields in the world. No Gibeon craters have yet been identified. The Gibeon fell in pre-historic times. Our
best estimate is ---- years ago. Radiometric dating places the age of
crystallization of the iron-nickel metal in the Gibeon at 4 billion years.
Impact of the Gibeon
The
photo is of the 350 kg Lichtenfels mass which is exhibited at the Max Planck
Institute in Heidelberg, Germany. This, as much of the other information in this
article, is from Handbook of Iron Meteorites by Vagn Buchwald, U. of
California Press, 1976.
When Did the Gibeon Fall
How Old Is the Gibeon